A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z

Numbers and Symbols

1-bit displays, Some More About Truecolor

3D file formats, 3D Formats

3D Studio, Overview
Sense8 NFF, Overview

3D Studio, 3D Formats, Overview

8-, 15-, 16-, 24-bit color, 15-bit color

8-mm recording format, 8-mm

8SVX file format, Audio

CGM (Computer Graphics Metafile), Sources of Vector Format Files

A

absolute format, Issues When Using Palettes

accelerator card, accelerator card

A/D conversion, Digital Video

Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation (ADPCM), Digital Audio

adaptive encoding, adaptive encoding, For Further Information About JPEG

for audio information, Digital Audio

additive color systems, Additive and subtractive color systems, additive system

Adobe

Illustrator, Overview
LZW compression and, Variable quantization
Photoshop, Overview
Streamline, Bitmap and Metafile to Vector

ADPCM (Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation), Digital Audio

AIFF (Audio Interchange File Format), Audio

and QuickTime, Overview

aliasing, aliasing, Vector and Metafile to Bitmap

alignment of elements within structure, Gotchas

alpha channel, Overlays and Transparency, alpha channel

alphanumeric fonts, Font Formats

America Online (AOL), America Online

LZW agreement with, Variable quantization

American Standards National Institute (ANSI), Overview

Amiga IFF, Problems with the display environment

Andrew Toolkit API, Overview

Animatic Film, Animatic Film Format (.FLM)

animation, animation, Animation Formats, Animation

frames, File Organization, frame, Digital Video

Animation Compressor method, Overview

animation file formats, Overview, Introduction

Atari ST, File Organization and Details
DVM Movie, Overview
FLI, Overview
GRASP, Overview
MIFF, Overview
MPEG, Overview
NEOchrome (.ANI), NEOchrome Animation Format (.ANI)
POV, Overview, Overview
QuickTime, Audio, Overview
SGI, Overview, Overview
TTDDD, Overview
Wavefront RLA, Overview

ANSI (American Standards National Institute), Overview

anti-aliasing, anti-aliasing

AOL (America Online), America Online

LZW agreement with, Variable quantization

aperture mask, aperture mask

API (Advanced Programming Interface), Overview

Andrew Toolkit, Overview
and GEM VDI, Overview

Archie, Archie

archivers, error checking, Hints for Designing File Readers and Writers

archiving programs

arj, Lempel-Ziv-Welch (LZW) Compression
lzh, For Further Information About Data Compression
pkzip, Digital Audio, Image data, Lempel-Ziv-Welch (LZW) Compression, For Further Information About Data Compression
zoo, Digital Audio, Image data, Lempel-Ziv-Welch (LZW) Compression, For Further Information About Data Compression

arithmetic encoding, Arithmetic encoding

arj program, Lempel-Ziv-Welch (LZW) Compression

array of pixels, array of pixels

ART compression, ART, ART Compression, Compressing Data

artifact (in image), artifact

ASCII readers, Reading Graphics Data

aspect ratio, aspect ratio

astronomical file formats

FITS, Overview, Overview
PDS, Overview
VICAR2, Overview

astronomy imaging resources, Astronomy and Space Exploration Imaging Resources

asymmetric compression, For Further Information About JBIG

Atari ST file formats, File Organization and Details

.AU file format, Audio

audio file formats, Digital Audio, Audio, Audio Formats

8SVX, Audio
AIFF, Overview, Audio
.AU, Audio
.HCOM, Audio
Microsoft RIFF, Audio, Overview
.SND, Audio
.VOC, Audio

audio information, Multimedia File Formats

binary representation of, Digital Audio
compression, Digital Audio
digital, Digital Audio

Audio Interchange File Format (AIFF), Audio

and QuickTime, Overview

AutoCAD DXF (Data Exchange Format), Reading a Graphics File Header, Vector Formats, Vector File Size Issues, Overview, Sources of Vector Format Files

conversion to another format, Vector to Vector

Autodesk

Animator Pro, Overview

B

Ballistic Research Laboratory (BRL-) CAD, Overview

banding, banding

baseline JPEG, Baseline JPEG

BBS (Bulletin Board System), Bulletin Board Systems

BBS (Bulletin Board Systems), BBS

BDF (Bitmap Distribution Format), Overview

Beta video format, Beta

Bezier splines, Vector File Size Issues, Bezier curve, Overview

BIG file format, and VIFF, Overview

big-endian byte ordering, big-endian, Byte Order

and header reading, Gotchas
on a little-endian machine, Gotchas

bi-level displays, bi-level, Some More About Truecolor

binary file formats

Macintosh PICT, Overview, Vector to Vector
.MOD, Overview
SGO, Overview
XBM, Overview

binary readers, Reading Graphics Data

binary representation, Writing Image Data

of sound, Digital Audio

Binary Universal Form for the Representation of Meteorological Data (BUFR), Overview

biomedical imaging resources, Chemical and Biomedical Imaging Resources

bit

depth, bit depth, Bitmap Data
order, bit order, Bit Order
per pixel (bpp), bit depth
plane, bit plane
sex, Bit Order, bit sex

bit-level RLE, For Further Information About JBIG

bitmap data, Bitmap Data

Bitmap Distribution Format (BDF), Overview

bitmap file formats, Introduction, File Organization

DPX, Overview
GEM Raster, Overview, For Further Information About JPEG
Lumena Paint (BPX, PIX), Lumena Paint
Microsoft RIFF, Audio, Overview
MIFF, Overview
OS/2 BMP, Overview
PNG, Overview, Copyright notices in graphics files
Presentation Manager Metafile, Overview
SPIFF, SPIFF (Still Picture Interchange File Format) , Overview
Utah RLE, Overview
XBM, Overview, Problems with the display environment

bitmap files, Sources of Bitmap Data: Raster Devices, Bitmap Files, bitmap data

compressing, Data Compression

conversion

to bitmap, Bitmap to Bitmap
to metafile, Bitmap and Vector to Metafile
to vector, Bitmap and Metafile to Vector

organization of, How Bitmap Files Are Organized

and pixel data, Pros and Cons of Bitmap File Formats

scaling, Pros and Cons of Bitmap File Formats

strips and tiles, Different Approaches to Bitmap Data Organization

bitmap fonts, Bitmap fonts

bitmap headers

Microsoft Windows BMP, Examples of Bitmap Headers
Sun Raster format, Example 1: Microsoft Windows Bitmap Version 1.x Format Header
Kofax Raster format, Example 2: Sun Raster Format Header
reading speed, Optimizing Header Reading

bitmap images, bitmap image, Graphics Data

converting to fractal data, Fractal Basics
monochrome, Other Bitmap File Features

bit-ordering schemes, Bit Order

Black, White, and Gray color model, Black, White, and Gray

blocks, chunk

bpp (bits per pixel), bit depth

BRL-CAD (Ballistic Research Laboratory CAD), Overview

broadcast quality, broadcast quality

BUFR (Binary Universal Form for the Representation of Meteorological Data), Overview

bugs, corrupting graphics files, Problems with the program code

Bulletin Board System (BBS), BBS, Bulletin Board Systems

byte ordering, byte order, Byte Order

big-endian, big-endian, Gotchas, Byte Order
little-endian, Gotchas, little-endian, Byte Order
LSB (least significant byte), Byte Order
middle-endian, Byte Order
MSB (most significant byte), Byte Order

byte-level RLE, For Further Information About JBIG

C

CAD (Computer Aided Design), Computer Aided Design, Sources of Vector Format Files

BRL-CAD, Overview
graphics, Animation
and SGI, Overview

CALS raster format, Overview

and bit order, Bit Order
and PostScript PDL, Overview
Type II, Tiles

case sensitivity and filenames, Case Sensitivity

CCDs (charge coupled devices), CCD

CCIR-601 digital television standards, Overview, MPEG-2

CCITT encoding schemes, Audio Formats, Compressing Data, CCITT (Huffman) Encoding

Group 3, CCITT (Huffman) Encoding
Group 4, CCITT (Huffman) Encoding
JBIG versus, JBIG Compression
as non-adaptive, CCITT (Huffman) Encoding
tips for designing, Tips for Designing CCITT Encoders and Decoders

CD-DA (Compact Disc--Digital Audio) standard, Digital Audio, Multimedia File Formats, CD-DA

CD-I (Compact Disc--Interactive) standard, CD-I, Multimedia File Formats

CD-R (Compact Disc--Recordable or Compact Disc--Write Once) standard, CD-R, Multimedia File Formats

CD-ROMs (Compact Disc--Read Only Memory), CD-ROM

Kodak Photo CD, Overview
and QuickTime, Overview
of spacecraft data, Overview
for storing multimedia information, Multimedia File Formats

CDs (compact discs), Compact Disc, Multimedia File Formats

and MPEG, Overview

CD-XA (Compact Disc--Extended Architecture) standard, CD-XA, Multimedia File Formats

CGM (Computer Graphics Metafile), Gradient fills, Metafile Formats, Vector File Size Issues, Overview, Text in Vector Files

converting to another format, Metafile to Metafile
and GKS standard, Overview
and Lotus PIC, Overview

character data, Font Formats

chemical imaging resources, Chemical and Biomedical Imaging Resources

chroma, chroma

chrominance components, Arithmetic encoding, chrominance

chunks, chunk

in Microsoft RIFF, Overview, File Organization

CIE (Commission Internationale de l'E'clairage), CIE

CLUT (Color Look-Up Table), look-up table

CMU file formats, Overview

CMY (Cyan/Magenta/Yellow), CMY (Cyan-Magenta-Yellow), CMY

CMYK (Cyan/Magenta/Yellow/Key), CMYK

codec, codec

color, Color

attributes, Fills and color attributes
books about, For Further Information
calibration, color calibration
channels, color channel, A Word About Color Spaces
correction tables, color correction table, How Bitmap Files Are Organized
definition scheme, color definition scheme, Pixel Data and Palettes
few colored-data on many-colored device, Issues When Displaying Colors
fullcolor, fullcolor display, Some More About Truecolor
gamut, How Colors Are Represented , color gamut
hicolor, fullcolor display, Some More About Truecolor
how we see, How We See Color
map, How We See Color, look-up table
palettes, Examples of palettes, Pixel Data and Palettes
plane, Image Description Information
representation, How Colors Are Represented
sex problems, Bit Order
spaces, color space, A Word About Color Spaces
specification, Pixel Data and Palettes
subtraction, Additive and subtractive color systems
systems, Additive and subtractive color systems, additive system
tables, How We See Color, look-up table
values, pixel values

Color Look-Up Table (CLUT), look-up table

color models, Some More About Truecolor, color models

Black, White, and Gray, Black, White, and Gray
CMY, CMY (Cyan-Magenta-Yellow)
HSB, HSB
HSI, HSI
HSL, HSI
HSV, HSV (Hue, Saturation, and Value), HSI
RGB, A Word About Color Spaces
YUV, YUV (Y-signal, U-signal, and V-signal)

compact discs (CDs), Compact Disc, Multimedia File Formats

and MPEG, Overview

Compact Video Compressor method, Overview

comp.compression newsgroup, For Further Information, For Further Information About Data Compression

comp.graphics newsgroup, For Further Information, General Resources

and MTV, Overview

comp.graphics.misc newsgroup, One Last Word

comp.multimedia newsgroup, For Further Information

component selective refinement, JPEG, Selective refinement

component video, component video

composite

colors, composite color, A Word About Color Spaces
image tiling, Image tiling
video, composite video

compress program, Lempel-Ziv-Welch (LZW) Compression

compression, data compression, Data Compression, Compressing Data

adaptive, semi-adaptive, and non-adaptive, For Further Information About JPEG
algorithms, Compressing Data
ART, ART, ART Compression, Data Compression, Compressing Data
artifact, compression artifact
Discrete Cosine Transform, Baseline JPEG, DCT, Data Compression, Digital Video
fractal image, Fractal Image Compression, Data Compression
JBIG, Data Compression, JBIG Compression
MR and MMR, JBIG Compression, CCITT (Huffman) Encoding
negative, For Further Information About JBIG
physical and logical, JBIG Basics
proprietary methods of, Proprietary compression methods
ratio, Data Compression Terminology
symmetric and asymmetric, For Further Information About JBIG
type, Compression Type

CompuServe, CompuServe

Unisys and, LZW Legal Issues

computer graphics, Computer Graphics Basics

books about, For Further Information

ComputerEyes Raw Data Format, ComputerEyes Raw Data Format (.CE1 and .CE2)

conforming software, Test Files

Constrained Parameters Bitstreams (CPBs), Overview

contiguous data, contiguous data, Different Approaches to Bitmap Data Organization, Contiguous data

convenience revisions, convenience revision, File Identifier

conversion applications, ...But If You Do

converted file, ...But If You Do

convolution, Issues When Displaying Colors, convolution

copy protection, Misconceptions about cryptography

copyrights, Copyrights, copyright

on graphics files, Copyrights, Copyright notices in graphics files
object code, Object code copyright
rights of ownership, Rights of ownership

Corel Trace, Bitmap and Metafile to Vector

corruption of graphics files, Corruption of Graphics Files

count value, For Further Information About JBIG

CPBs (Constrained Parameters Bitstreams), Overview

CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check), CRC

cross-coding, JBIG Basics

CRTs, What Is Vector Data?

cryptography, Encryption of Graphics Files

misconceptions and benefits, Misconceptions about cryptography
private versus public key, Private and public key cryptography

Cyber Paint Sequence, Cyber Paint Sequence Format (.SEQ)

Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC), CRC

D

D-2 video recording format, D-2

DAT (Digital Audio Tape) systems, Digital Audio

data

contiguous, Different Approaches to Bitmap Data Organization, Contiguous data
corrupt, in graphics files, Problems with the data
dictionary, Lempel-Ziv-Welch (LZW) Compression
elements of, Elements of a Graphics File, data element
encoding, data encoding, Compression Type, Data Compression, Compressing Data, lossless encoding
encryption, data encryption

DataBeam DBX and HiJaak Conversion Utility, Overview

DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform), Baseline JPEG, DCT, Data Compression

and digital video, Digital Video

DDB (Device Dependent Bitmap), DDB

DeBabelizer, Converting Formats

decimation, decimation

decompressor (data), Data Compression

decryption, Encryption of Graphics Files

delta compression, Animation , Digital Video

DEM file format and VIFF, Overview

dichroic filter, dichroic filter

dictionary (data), Lempel-Ziv-Welch (LZW) Compression

dictionary-based encoding algorithm, Lempel-Ziv-Welch (LZW) Compression

differencing, JBIG Basics

Differential Pulse Code Modulation (DPCM), Digital Audio, Lossless JPEG compression

digital audio, Digital Audio

Digital Audio Tapes (DAT) and MPEG, Overview

digital signatures, digital signature, Hints for Designing File Readers and Writers, Why Encrypt Graphics Files?, Using PGP to Encrypt Graphics Files

digital video, digital camera, Digital Video

digitizing

analog-to-digital, Digital Video
audio-to-digital, Digital Audio
device, digitizing device

display

bi-level, Some More About Truecolor
environment, Problems with the display environment
hicolor, hicolor display
rights, Rights of ownership
surface, display surface
truecolor, truecolor display

Display PostScript, Overview

distribution rights, Rights of ownership

dithering, dithering, Bitmap to Bitmap

DKB ray trace application, Overview

DLG file format and VIFF, Overview

Dore Raster File Format (Dore RFF), Overview

dot pitch, dot pitch

down bit ordering, Bit Order, down-bit ordering

downsampling pixel groups in JPEG, Arithmetic encoding

DPCM (Differential Pulse Code Modulation), Digital Audio, Lossless JPEG compression

DPX, Overview

copyright notices in, Copyright notices in graphics files

Dr. Halo, Overview

drawing surface, x and y Origins

drum scanner, drum scanner

DVM Movie, Overview

E

edge detection, Bitmap and Metafile to Vector

EDIP (Electronic Document Image Processing), Electronic Document Image Processing

EGA (Enhanced Graphics Adapter) and PCX, Overview

ELAS file format and VIFF, Overview

Electronic Document Image Processing (EDIP), Electronic Document Image Processing

element attributes, Palettes and Color Information

email (electronic mail), Email

mailing lists, Mailing Lists

Encapsulated PostScript (EPSF), Reading a Graphics File Header, Overview

and CALS, Overview
and Lumena Paint, Overview
and WMF, Overview

enclosed elements, Fills and color attributes

encoding, Encoding of Graphics Files, Data Compression Terminology

adaptive, Digital Audio, adaptive encoding, For Further Information About JPEG
arithmetic, Arithmetic encoding
dictionary-based, Lempel-Ziv-Welch (LZW) Compression
Huffman, Audio Formats, CCITT (Huffman) Encoding
progressive, JBIG Basics
sequential, JBIG Basics

encryption, Encryption of Graphics Files

Enhanced Graphics Adapter (EGA) and PCX, Overview

EOF marker, EOF marker

EOL (End Of Line) for CCITT Group 3, JBIG Basics

EPICenter (Electronic Photography and Imaging Center), Overview

Excel, Sources of Vector Format Files

explicit copyrights, Explicit versus implicit copyrights

extended vector formats, 3D Formats

extensions, file, Problems with the display environment

F

FaceSaver, Overview

FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions) listings, Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) Listings

FAX file formats, FAX files, Overview, ...And Which Are Not

and CCITT encoding, CCITT (Huffman) Encoding

field (in file), Fields, field

file format

error-detecting reader, Hints for Designing File Readers and Writers
proprietary, Proprietary file formats
writers, Hints for Designing File Readers and Writers
writing specifications for, Writing a File Format Specification

file identifier value (ID), file identifier value, File Identifier

filenames, Filenames

files

detecting corruption of, Detecting File Corruption
elements of, file element, Elements of a Graphics File
extensions to, Problems with the display environment
fully conforming, Test Files
reader for, Problems with the display environment
test, Test Files
unexpected characters in, Unexpected characters

fill attributes, Fills and color attributes, fill attributes

fill colors, Fills and color attributes

filler, Unused Space

filter, Reading Graphics Data

FITS, Overview

and VIFF, Overview

flag value, For Further Information About JBIG

FLI Animation, Overview

floating-point formats, Floating-Point Formats

fonts, Font Formats

Hershey character sets, Stroke fonts, Text in Vector Files

footers, Footer, Footer

formal copyrights, Explicit versus implicit copyrights

format

absolute, Issues When Using Palettes
conversion, Format Conversion
creator, format creator

Fractal, Compressing Data

fractal image compression, Fractal Image Compression, fractal compression

Fractal Transform, Fractal Basics

frames (animation), File Organization, frame, Digital Video

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) listings, Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) Listings

FTP (File Transfer Protocol), FTP

graphics archives, FTP Archives, FTP Archives

fullcolor, fullcolor display, Some More About Truecolor

full-motion video, full-motion video

fully conforming software, Test Files

fuzzy logic, fuzzy logic

G

G31D encoding, JBIG Basics

G32D encoding, Group 3 Two-Dimensional (G32D)

G42D encoding, Group 4 Two-Dimensional (G42D)

GEM Raster (IMG), Overview, For Further Information About JPEG

GEM VDI (vector) metafile format, Overview, Vector to Vector

GEMDOS format, Imagic Film/Picture Format (.IC1, .IC2, .IC3)

geophysical imaging resources, Meteorological, Oceanographic, and Geophysical Imaging Resources

GIF (Graphics Interchange Format), Overview, Graphics on the Web

compressing with archive programs, USENET Posting Etiquette
copyright notices in, Copyright notices in graphics files
file identifier, File Identifier
for test purposes, Test Files
versus JPEG, JPEG Compression

GKS (Graphical Kernel System), Overview

graphic work, graphic work

Graphical Kernel System (GKS) standard, Overview

graphics, Computer Graphics Basics, Graphics and Computer Graphics, graphics data

general resources for, General Resources
logos and trademarks, Trademarks

Graphics Compressor method, Overview

graphics file formats, Introduction, Bitmap Files, graphics file format

designing your own, Designing Your Own Format
immortality of, Preface

graphics files, graphics file, ...But If You Do

copyrights, patents, and trademarks, Trademarks, Patents, and Copyrights
corruption of, Corruption of Graphics Files
embedding using HTML, Embedding Graphics Files Using HTML
encryption of, Encryption of Graphics Files
physical protection of, Physical protection
protecting with PGP, Using PGP to Encrypt Graphics Files
reading and writing, Hints for Designing File Readers and Writers
resources for, Graphics Files and Resources on the Internet
testing, Test Files
viruses in, Viruses in Graphics Files
over the Web, Graphics on the Web

GRASP (GRAphical System for Presentation), Overview

graymap, graymap, Bitmap Data

gray-scale, gray-scale

on Kodak XL7700 printer, Overview

Green Book, Multimedia File Formats

GRIB (GRIdded Binary), Overview

Group 3 One-Dimensional encoding, JBIG Basics

Group 3 Two-Dimensional encoding, Group 3 Two-Dimensional (G32D)

Group 4 Two-Dimensional encoding, Group 4 Two-Dimensional (G42D)

GUI (Graphical User Interface)

applications, Introduction

Microsoft Windows, Overview, Overview

and RIFF, Overview

Open Look, Overview

SunView, Overview

H

HALO Image File Format Library, Overview

Harvard Graphics, Overview

.HCOM file format, Audio

HDF (Hierarchical Data Format), Overview

headers

of vector files, Header
reading, Reading a Graphics File Header

Hershey character sets, Stroke fonts, Text in Vector Files

hicolor, fullcolor display, Some More About Truecolor

display, hicolor display

hierarchical selective refinement, JPEG, Selective refinement

HiJaak Graphics File Conversion Utility, Converting Formats, Overview

HLS (Hue/Lightness/Saturation), HLS

HPGL and HiJaak Conversion Utility, Overview

HPPCL and HiJaak Conversion Utility, Overview

HSB (Hue/Saturation/Brightness), HSB

HSI (Hue/Saturation/Intensity), HSI

HSL (Hue/Saturation/Luminosity), HSI

HSV (Hue/Saturation/Value), HSV (Hue, Saturation, and Value), HSI

HTML (Hypertext Markup Language), Web Basics, Viruses in Graphics Files, ...And Back Again

embedding graphics files with, Embedding Graphics Files Using HTML

HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol), Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) Formats

hue, hue

Huffman encoding, Audio Formats, CCITT (Huffman) Encoding

hybrid database, Hybrid Formats, hybrid database

hybrid text, Hybrid Formats, hybrid text

hypermedia, Hypertext and Hypermedia Formats

hypertext, hypertext, Hypertext and Hypermedia Formats

Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), Web Basics, Viruses in Graphics Files, ...And Back Again

embedding graphics files with, Embedding Graphics Files Using HTML

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) Formats

I

IBM Multimedia Tool Series, Overview

ID value, file, File Identifier

IDL terminal communication protocol, Overview

IFF (Interchange File Format), Overview

Amiga IFF, Problems with the display environment
and byte order, Byte Order
copyright notices in, Copyright notices in graphics files
and Microsoft RIFF, Overview

IGES (Initial Graphics Exchange Specification), Overview

image bitmap, image bitmap, Sources of Bitmap Data: Raster Devices

image data, image data

image elements, Vector Versus Bitmap Files

image file formats, Issues When Using Palettes

Dore RFF, Overview
FaceSaver, Overview
FITS, Overview
.ICBA, Overview
Lumena Paint, Lumena Paint
MSP, Overview
NEOchrome (.NEO), NEOchrome Format (.NEO)
P3D, Overview
PDS, Overview
Pictor PC Paint, Overview
raw, Bitmap Files
STAD (.PAC), STAD Format (.PAC)
stream-based, File Organization
TGA, Overlays and Transparency
VICAR2, Overview, Overview
Wavefront RLA, Overview
XPM (X PixMap), Overview
XWD (X Window Dump), Overview

image file index, Other Bitmap File Data Structures

image height, Image Description Information

image length, Image Description Information

image offset table, Other Bitmap File Data Structures

image portion, Sources of Bitmap Data: Raster Devices

image tiling, Image tiling

image width, Image Description Information

ImageMagick toolkit

and MIFF, Overview

images, Sources of Bitmap Data: Raster Devices, Rendering and Images, image

examples of, About This Book and the CD-ROM
interlacing, Image data
x origin of, x and y Origins

Imagic Film/Picture Format, Imagic Film/Picture Format (.IC1, .IC2, .IC3)

imaging resources

astronomy, Astronomy and Space Exploration Imaging Resources
biomedical, Chemical and Biomedical Imaging Resources
chemical, Chemical and Biomedical Imaging Resources
geophysical, Meteorological, Oceanographic, and Geophysical Imaging Resources
meteorological, Meteorological, Oceanographic, and Geophysical Imaging Resources
oceanographic, Meteorological, Oceanographic, and Geophysical Imaging Resources

implicit copyrights, Explicit versus implicit copyrights

Independent JPEG Group, JBIG Basics

index map, index map, How We See Color

index values, index values, Pixel Data and Palettes

indirect color, indirect color

indirect storage, How We See Color

information devices

active, Beyond Traditional Graphics File Formats, active information device
passive, Beyond Traditional Graphics File Formats, passive information device

input (of graphics process), input, The Basics

Inset IGF and HiJaak Conversion Utility, Overview

Inset PIX, Overview

Integrated Services Digital Network (IDSN), JPEG Compression

Intel DVI (Digital Video Interactive), Overview

AVSS (.AVS), File Organization

interframe encoding, interframe encoding

interlaced images, Image data

International Telecommunications Union (ITU), ITU

interpolation, interpolation

intraframe encoding, intraframe encoding

IRIS Inventor 3d Toolkit, Overview

ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) lines, JPEG Compression

ISO (International Standards Organization), Overview, JPEG Compression

and MPEG, Overview

ISO-9660 standard, ISO-9660

ITU (International Telecommuncations Union), ITU

J

jaggies, Vector and Metafile to Bitmap

Java, ...And Back Again

JBIG (Joint Bi-level Image Experts Group) compression, Data Compression, Compressing Data, JBIG Compression

JBIG-KIT, For Further Information About JBIG

JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group), Compressing Data

baseline, Baseline JPEG

component selective refinement, Selective refinement

File Interchange Format (JFIF), Overview, Tiles, JPEG Compression

extensions to, JPEG Extensions (Part 1)

versus fractal compression, Fractal Basics

Tiled Image Pyramid (JTIP), Image tiling

JTIP (JPEG Tiled Image Pyramid), Image tiling

K

key points, key points, Vector Data
Khoros Visualization/Image File Format (VIFF), Overview
Kodak Photo CD, Overview
Kodak XL7700 printer, Overview
Kodak YCC format, Overview
Kofax Raster format, Example 2: Sun Raster Format Header

L

landmark, landmark

legal issues

copyrights, patents, and trademarks, Trademarks, Patents, and Copyrights
graphics on Web, Legal Issues
LZW compression, LZW Legal Issues

lha program, Lempel-Ziv-Welch (LZW) Compression

license notice, License notice

licensing, Unisys LZW, LZW Legal Issues

literal format, Issues When Using Palettes

little-endian byte ordering, little-endian, Byte Order

and header reading, Gotchas
on a big-endian machine, Gotchas

logical compression, JBIG Basics

logical pixels, logical pixels

logos and trademarks, Trademarks

look-up table, How We See Color, look-up table

lossless compression, Group 3 Two-Dimensional (G32D), lossless encoding

of audio information, Digital Audio
with JPEG, Lossless JPEG compression

lossy compression, lossy encoding, Group 3 Two-Dimensional (G32D)

of audio information, Digital Audio
with JPEG, JBIG Basics

Lotus 1-2-3, Sources of Vector Format Files

and Lotus DIF, Overview
and Lotus PIC, Overview

Lotus DIF (Data Interchange Format), Overview, Sources of Vector Format Files

conversion to another format, Vector to Vector

Lotus PIC, Overview

Lotus Print Graph, Overview

LSB (least significant byte), LSB, Byte Order

Lumena Paint, Lumena Paint

luminance, luminance

LUT (Look-Up Table), look-up table

LZ77 and LZ78 compression algorithms, Lempel-Ziv-Welch (LZW) Compression

lzh program, For Further Information About Data Compression

LZMW data compression, For Further Information About JBIG

LZW (Lempel-Ziv-Welch) compression, Image data, File Organization, Lempel-Ziv-Welch (LZW) Compression, Compressing Data

GIF format licensing, Why Even Consider It?
legal issues, LZW Legal Issues
variations on, For Further Information About JBIG

M

MacBinary standards, Overview

Machine Independent File Format (MIFF), Overview

Macintosh Paint, Overview

and byte order, Byte Order

Macintosh PICT (Macintosh Picture), Overview, Metafile Formats, Vector to Vector

and previewing EPSF files, Encapsulated PostScript (EPS) Example

Macintosh software packages, AFE and XTND Translator Packages, alljpeg, BigPicture, BitMaptoEPS, BoxGraphicsLib, clip2gif, epsConverter, EPS Fixer, GIF Blast, GIFConverter, GraphicConverter, Graphics Read, JPEGView, MacAnim Viewer, NIH Image, PhotoGIF, PictSize, Pixx'r, ProJPEG, PS2EPS+, Sparkle

magic numbers, file identifier value

magic values, magic values, File Identifier

errors in, Magic value errors

mailing lists, Mailing Lists

resources via, Mailing lists

makeup code words, JBIG Basics

MathCAD and HiJaak Conversion Utility, Overview

MATLAB and VIFF, Overview

MET (Presentation Manager Metafile), Overview

metadata, Overview, metadata

metafile formats, Introduction

Microsoft RTF, Overview
Microsoft Windows Metafile, Overview
WPG, Overview, For Further Information About JPEG

metafiles, metafile, Metafile Formats, Metafiles

ASCII, Platform Independence?
compression of, Data Compression
conversion to bitmap, Vector and Metafile to Bitmap
conversion to metafile, Metafile to Metafile
conversion to vector, Bitmap and Metafile to Vector

meteorological file formats

BUFR, Overview
GRIB, Overview
VIS-5D, Overview

meteorological imaging resources, Meteorological, Oceanographic, and Geophysical Imaging Resources

Microsoft Paint (MSP), Overview

Microsoft RIFF (Resource Interchange File Format), Audio, Overview

Microsoft RTF (Rich Text Format), Overview

Microsoft SYLK (Symbolic Link), Vector Formats, Overview, Sources of Vector Format Files

Microsoft Video (for Windows), Overview

Microsoft Waveform, Audio

Microsoft Windows BMP, Why Encrypt Graphics Files?, Overview

compression of, Data Compression
copyright notices in, Copyright notices in graphics files
and Run-Length Encoding, Run-Length Encoding (RLE)
Version 1.x, Examples of Bitmap Headers
versus JPEG, JPEG Compression

Microsoft Windows Metafile (WMF), Overview, Vector and Metafile to Bitmap

converting to another format, Metafile to Metafile
and previewing EPSF files, Encapsulated PostScript (EPS) Example

middle-endian byte ordering, Byte Order

MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface), Multimedia File Formats, MIDI Standard, MIDI

and .RMI files, Overview

MIFF (Machine Independent File Format), Overview

MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions), For Further Information, Email, Web Basics, Web Browser Helper Applications

MJPEG (Motion JPEG), Relationship Between MPEG, JPEG, and MJPEG

MMR (Modified Modified Read) compression algorithm, JBIG Compression, CCITT (Huffman) Encoding

.MOD file format, Overview

modification rights, Rights of ownership

monochrome, monochrome

bitmaps, Other Bitmap File Features

motion compensation, Digital Video

motion-video data, Overview

movie resource, File Organization

Movie Toolbox, Overview

MPEG (Motion Picture Experts Group), Overview

MR (Modified Read) compression algorithm, JBIG Compression

MS Windows software packages

Windows 3.1 software, Brenda (The Batch Renderer), CompuPic, FITSView, Graphics Viewer--VBX, Graphics Viewer, GraphX Viewer, Graphic Workshop for Windows, Landscape Explorer, LView Pro, Paint Shop Pro, PhotoLab, Picture Man, Ulead Viewer, VuePrint, wcvt2pov, Win4Dv, WinJPEG

Windows 95 software, Graphic Workshop for Windows, LView Pro, Paint Shop Pro, VuePrint

MSB (most significant byte), MSB, Byte Order

MS-DOS, Bitmap fonts

MS-DOS software packages, gif2dxf, Graphics Display System (GDS), Graphic Workshop, IMDISP, PICLAB, QPV/386, QPNG/386, tofits and totiff, VPIC

MTV, Overview

multi-channel palette, multi-channel palette

multimedia, Multimedia Formats, multimedia, Multimedia

application files, viruses in, Viruses in Graphics Files
and CD-ROMs, Multimedia File Formats

multimedia file formats, Introduction

Intel DVI, Overview
Microsoft RIFF, Audio, Overview
MPEG, Overview

multi-platform file formats

Andrew Toolkit (CMU file formats), Overview
FITS, Overview, Overview
HDF, Overview
Microsoft RTF, Overview
MIFF, Overview
MTV, Overview
P3D, Overview
Pixar RIB, Overview
YAODL, Overview, File Organization

multiple-channel, Types of palettes

N

NAPLPS (North American Presentation Layer Protocol Syntax), Overview

National Center for Supercomputer Applications (NCSA), Overview

n-bit color (n=4,8,15,16,24), 4-bit color

NCGA (National Computer Graphics Association) and IGES, Overview

negative compression, For Further Information About JBIG

NEOchrome animation, NEOchrome Format (.NEO), NEOchrome Animation Format (.ANI)

netiquette

Archie, Archie
email, Email Etiquette: Splitting Large Files
FTP, FTP Etiquette
USENET posting, USENET Posting Etiquette

newsgroups (general), Newsgroups

newsgroups (graphics-related)

comp.compression, For Further Information, For Further Information About Data Compression
comp.graphics, For Further Information, Overview, General Resources
comp.graphics.misc, One Last Word
comp.multimedia, For Further Information
list of, Newsgroups
sci.astro.fits, For Further Information
sci.data.formats, For Further Information
sci.image.processing, General Resources

NewTek's Lightwave, 3D Formats

NFF (Neutral File Format), Overview

and PRT, Overview
and RTrace, Overview

noise removal, JBIG Basics

non-adaptive compression, For Further Information About JPEG

for audio information, Digital Audio

North American Presentation Layer Protocol Syntax (NAPLPS), Overview

NTSC (National Television Standards Committee), Arithmetic encoding, NTSC, Digital Video

and TGA, Overview

numerical format: Lotus DIF, Overview

O

object code copyright, Object code copyright

object data, What About Object Data?, Vector Versus Bitmap Files

Object Description Language (ODL) and PDS, Overview

Object File Format (OFF), Overview

object-based file systems, Introduction

object-oriented databases, Overview

object-oriented files, viruses in, Viruses in Graphics Files

oceanographic imaging resources, Meteorological, Oceanographic, and Geophysical Imaging Resources

ODA, ODIF, Overview

ODL (Object Description Language) and PDS, Overview

OFF (Object File Format), Overview

Office Document formats (ORA, ODIF), Overview

offset values, out of range, Out-of-range offset values

Open Look GUI and Sun Icon, Overview

order, bit, Bit Order

OS/2 BMP, Overview

OS/2 software packages, GBM (Generalized Bitmap Module), PMJPEG (Presentation Manager JPEG)

output device, output device, Graphics and Computer Graphics, ...But If You Do

language, output device language, ...And Which Are Not

output (of graphics process), The Basics, output

overlay bit, overlay bit, Overlays and Transparency

overlays, Overlays and Transparency

P

P3D, Overview

packets, packet, Streams

padding, Unused Space

page description languages (PDLs), Page Description Language (PDL) Formats, page description language

virusus and, Viruses in Graphics Files

page table, page table, Other Bitmap File Data Structures

PAL (Phase Alternation Line) digital television standards, PAL, Overview, Digital Video

and TGA, Overview

palettes, palette, Example 2: Sun Raster Format Header

color, Examples of palettes, Pixel Data and Palettes
in vector files, Palettes and Color Information
multi-channel, multi-channel palette, Types of palettes
single-channel, single-channel palette, Types of palettes
types of, Types of palettes
VGA color, 256-color VGA palette

parity, Parity

parser, Reading Graphics Data

patents on graphics files, Trademarks, Patents, and Copyrights

PBM utilities, Converting Formats, Overview

and FaceSaver, Overview
and VIFF, Overview

PCX, Reading a Graphics File Header, Overview, Problems with the display environment

copyright notices in, Copyright notices in graphics files
and Run-Length Encoding, Run-Length Encoding (RLE)
and testing, Test Files

PDL, Overview

PDS (Planetary Data System), Overview

pels, pixel, Bitmap Data

pen styles, Palettes and Color Information

persistence, persistence

PGM (Portable GreyMap Utilities), Overview

PGP (Pretty Good Privacy), Using PGP to Encrypt Graphics Files

Photo Compressor method, Overview

PhotoYCC file format (Kodak), File Details

physical compression, JBIG Basics

physical pixels, physical pixels, Pixels and Coordinates

Pictor PC Paint, Overview

and GRASP animation, Image Files

picture elements, Bitmap Data

Pixar RIB (RenderMan Interface Bytestream), Overview

pixel-level RLE, For Further Information About JBIG

pixelmap, pixelmap, Bitmap Data

pixels, logical pixels, pixel, Bitmap Data

array of, array of pixels
depth of, Image Description Information, bit depth
packing, Pixel Packing, Data Compression, Compressing Data
physical versus logical, Pixels and Coordinates
three-dimensional, Overview
values of, pixel values

pixmap, pixelmap, Bitmap Data

pkzip program, Digital Audio, Hints for Designing File Readers and Writers, Lempel-Ziv-Welch (LZW) Compression, For Further Information About Data Compression

and GIF files, Image data

planar data, Planar data

planar files, planar files

platform dependencies, Platform Dependencies

plot file formats: .ADI, Overview

Plot-10 file format, Overview

PNG, Overview, Hints for Designing File Readers and Writers

copyright notices in, Copyright notices in graphics files

PNM (Portable ANyMap Utilities), Overview

Portable Bitmap Utilities (PBM), Overview

postage-stamp images, Encapsulated PostScript (EPS) Example

and Lumena Paint, File Details

PostScript, Overview, Overview

files, Page Description Language (PDL) Formats

for storing text (in multimedia format), Multimedia File Formats

LZW compression and, Lempel-Ziv-Welch (LZW) Compression, Variable quantization

Page Description Language (PDL)

and BDF, Overview
and CALS, Overview
and EPSF, Overview

POV (Persistence of Vision)

file format, Overview
ray trace application, Overview

PPM (Portable PixMap Utilities), Overview

predictive encoding, predictive encoding

Presentation Manager Metafile (MET), Overview

previewing

Encapsulated PostScript files, Encapsulated PostScript (EPS) Example
Lumena files, File Details
QuickTime files, Overview

primary colors, How Colors Are Represented , primary colors

primary three-color systems, How Colors Are Represented

private key cryptography, Private and public key cryptography

Prodigy

and NAPLPS, Overview
Unisys agreement for LZW, Variable quantization

production pipeline, Rendering and Images, production pipeline

program code, corrupting graphics files, Problems with the program code

progressing selective refinement, JPEG, Selective refinement

progressive encoding/decoding, JBIG Basics

progressive image buildup, Progressive image buildup

proprietary information, Proprietary file formats

PRT, Overview

pseudo-color, pseudo-color

pseudo-color storage, How We See Color

public display rights, Rights of ownership

public domain, Public domain

public key cryptography, Private and public key cryptography

Pulse Code Modulation (PCM), Digital Audio

pyramidal image tiling, Image tiling

Q

Q factor and lossless compression, Lossless JPEG compression

Q-coder algorithm, Arithmetic encoding

and MIFF, File Details

QRT (Quick Ray Trace), Overview

quantization, Issues When Displaying Colors, quantization, Bitmap to Bitmap

artifacts, quantization artifacts
coefficient, Quantize each block
table, Quantize each block

Quattro Pro, Sources of Vector Format Files

and Lotus DIF, Overview

QuickTime, Overview, Audio

and AIFF, Overview
CD-ROMs and, Overview
and DVI, Overview

R

Radiance, Overview

radix-64, Using PGP to Encrypt Graphics Files

rasters, bitmap, Sources of Bitmap Data: Raster Devices, raster, Graphics Data

Raw Compressor method, Overview

raw data, Compression Type, Data Compression Terminology

raw formats, Bitmap Files

ray tracing and MTV, Overview

ray tracing file formats

POV, Overview
PRT, Overview
QRT, Overview
Radiance, Overview
Rayshade, Overview
uRay, Overview
Vivid and Bob, Overview

Rayshade, Overview

READ (Relative Element Address Designate) codes, Group 3 Two-Dimensional (G32D)

readers

ASCII, Vector and Metafile to Bitmap
binary, Reading Graphics Data, Vector and Metafile to Bitmap
FITS, Keywords
FLI, PSTAMP chunk, Overview, BYTE_RUN chunk
RIFF, File Organization
TIFF, Overview, Strips

reading graphics data, Hints for Designing File Readers and Writers, Reading Graphics Data

realization, Rendering and Images, realization

rendering, rendering, render, Rendering and Images

applications, Overview

repeat scan line packet, For Further Information About JPEG

representation, Graphics and Computer Graphics, representation

reproduction rights, Rights of ownership

reserved fields, Unused Space

reserved space, Unused Space

resolution, resolution

RGB (Red-Green-Blue) color model, RGB, A Word About Color Spaces

and digital video, Digital Video

RIX, Overview

RTC (Return To Control) code, JBIG Basics

RTrace, Overview

run count, Run-Length Encoding (RLE)

run lengths, code words for, JBIG Basics

run value, For Further Information About JBIG, Run-Length Encoding (RLE)

run-length encoding (RLE), Data Compression, Compressing Data, Run-Length Encoding (RLE)

and animation, Animation

runs (strings), Run-Length Encoding (RLE)

frequency of, JBIG Basics

S

SAF, Overview

sample rate, Digital Audio, sample rate, Digital Video

sample resolution, Digital Audio, sample resolution

sampling, sampling

saturation, saturation

scaling vector files, Scaling Vector Files

scan lines, Sources of Bitmap Data: Raster Devices, scan line

scan-line data, Scan-line data

scan-line tables, scan-line table, How Bitmap Files Are Organized, Other Bitmap File Data Structures

scan-line width, Image Description Information

Scanmaster, CCITT (Huffman) Encoding

scanning, Reading Graphics Data, Digital Video

scene description file formats, Introduction, scene description language, Scene Formats

NFF, Overview
OFF, Overview
P3D, Overview
Pixar RIB, Overview
POV, Overview
QRT, Overview
Radiance, Overview
Rayshade, Overview
RTrace, Overview
SGI Inventor, Overview
uRay, Overview
Vivid and Bob, Overview
YAODL, Overview

scenes, Scene Formats

scientific data management and HDF, Overview

sci.image.processing newsgroup, General Resources

screen dumps and XWD, Overview

SECAM (Sequential Coleur Avec Memoire) digital television standards, Overview, SECAM, Digital Video

selective refinement, JPEG, Selective refinement

semi-adaptive encoder, For Further Information About JPEG

Sense8 NFF, Overview

sequential encoding/decoding, JBIG Basics

sex, bit, Bit Order, bit sex

sex, color, Bit Order

SFF, Overview

SGI (Silicon Graphics Inventor), Overview, Overview

RLE, bit/byte-level, For Further Information About JBIG
and SGO, Overview

SGO (Silicon Graphics Object), Overview

SIGGRAPH, Metafiles

simple image tiling, Image tiling

single-channel palette, single-channel palette, Types of palettes

size of structure, Gotchas

slides, format for, Overview

.SND file format, Audio

software

driver, Problems with the display environment
fully conforming, Test Files
public domain, Public domain

software packages, see MS Windows software packages, MS-DOS software packages, Macintosh software packages, OS/2 software packages, UNIX software packages, source code packages

source code packages, FBM (Fuzzy Pixmap Manipulation), GBM (Generalized Bitmap Module), giftrans, ISO MPEG-2 Codec, JBIG-KIT, jpegsrc, libpng, libtiff, Piclab Source, Extended Portable Bitmap Toolkit (pbmplus), pnmtopng, PTOT, zlib

specifications, file format, Writing a File Format Specification

SPIFF (Still Picture Interchange File Format), SPIFF (Still Picture Interchange File Format) , Overview

copyright notices in files, Copyright notices in graphics files

spline-based outline fonts, Spline-based outline fonts

splines, Bezier, Vector File Size Issues, Bezier curve, Overview

spreadsheet file formats

Microsoft SYLK, Overview
vector formats, Sources of Vector Format Files

spreadsheet file formats and Lotus DIF, Overview

STAD image, STAD Format (.PAC)

stereo sampling, Digital Audio

STI terminal communication protocol, Overview

storage, How We See Color

stream, Streams, stream

stream-based image format, File Organization

Streamline (Adobe), Bitmap and Metafile to Vector

string table, Lempel-Ziv-Welch (LZW) Compression

strips, Strips, strip

stroke fonts, Stroke fonts

structure, determining size of, Gotchas

substitutional encoding algorithm, Lempel-Ziv-Welch (LZW) Compression

substrings, Lempel-Ziv-Welch (LZW) Compression

subtractive color systems, subtractive system, Additive and subtractive color systems

Sun Icon, Overview

SunRaster image, Example 1: Microsoft Windows Bitmap Version 1.x Format Header, Overview

and byte order, Byte Order
and VIFF, Overview

SunView GUI and Sun Icon, Overview

symmetric compression, For Further Information About JBIG

T

T3DLIB shareware library, Overview

tag, Tags, tag

Targa market, Overview

TCS terminal communication protocol, Overview

TDDD (Turbo Silver 3D Data Description) format, Overview

technical writing, suggestions for, Patents

television standards (digital), Overview

terminating code words, JBIG Basics

test files, Test Files

text in vector files, Text in Vector Files

TGA (Truevision Targa Image File), Overview, Problems with the display environment

copyright notices in, Copyright notices in graphics files
and Lumena Paint, Overview
and VIFF, Overview

TIFF (Tag Image File Format), Overview, Reading a Graphics File Header, Tiles, Problems with the display environment, Test Files

and bit order, Bit Order
and byte order, Byte Order
and CCITT encoding, CCITT (Huffman) Encoding
Class F (FAX) encoding, For Further Information About JPEG, Overview
compression of, Data Compression
copyright notices in files, Copyright notices in graphics files
and Lumena Paint, Overview
LZW compression and, Lempel-Ziv-Welch (LZW) Compression, For Further Information About JBIG
LZW compression and, Lempel-Ziv-Welch (LZW) Compression, Variable quantization
and previewing EPSF files, Encapsulated PostScript (EPS) Example
and Run-Length Encoding, Run-Length Encoding (RLE)
TIFF Developers Toolkit, For Further Information About JBIG
Type 2 Compression, For Further Information About JBIG
versus JPEG, JPEG Compression
and VIFF, Overview

tiles, tile, Tiles

tiling, image, Image tiling

Tiny image file format, Tiny Format (.TNY, .TN1, .TN2, .TN3)

trademarks on graphics files, Trademarks, Patents, and Copyrights

trailers, Footer

transform, convolution

translation table, Lempel-Ziv-Welch (LZW) Compression

transparency, Overlays and Transparency, transparency

trichromatic colorimetric, How Colors Are Represented , trichromatic colorimetric

truecolor, Some More About Truecolor

bitmap formats, Issues When Using Palettes

TGA, Overlays and Transparency, Overview

display, truecolor display

display adapters, Overview

on Kodak XL7700 printer, Overview

TTDDD (Textual Three-Dimensional Data Description), Overview

tutorials, advice on writing, Patents

twip (twentieth of a point), Overview

Type II CALS raster format, Tiles

U

unencoded data, Data Compression Terminology
Unisys Corporation, LZW Legal Issues
UNIX, Bitmap fonts
UNIX software packages, ImageMagick, SAOimage, xli, xloadimage, xv (X Viewer)
up bit ordering, Bit Order
uRay, Overview
U.S. Product Data Association (USPRO), Overview
USENET news, USENET News
Utah Raster Toolkit (URT), Overview
Utah RLE, Overview
utility patents, Patents
uuencode and uudecode, Uucoding with uuencode and uudecode, USENET Posting Etiquette

V

V.42bis modem compression standard, Lempel-Ziv-Welch (LZW) Compression

variable quantization, JPEG, Variable quantization

vector data, Vector Data, What Is Vector Data?

versus fractal graphics, Fractal Basics

vector file formats, Introduction

and floating-point, Floating-Point Formats
Lotus DIF, Overview
NFF, Overview
POV, Overview
Presentation Manager Metafile, Overview

vector files, Vector Formats, Vector Files, Vector Files and Device Independence, vector, Graphics Data

applications of, Sources of Vector Format Files
compression of, Data Compression
converting to bitmap files, Vector and Metafile to Bitmap
converting to metafiles, Bitmap and Vector to Metafile
converting to vector files, Vector to Vector
device dependence of, Vector Files and Device Independence
extended formats, 3D Formats
pros and cons of, Pros and Cons of Vector Files
scaling, Scaling Vector Files
size of, Vector File Size Issues
structure of, How Vector Files Are Organized
text in, Text in Vector Files
versus bitmap files, Vector Versus Bitmap Files

vectorization, Bitmap and Metafile to Vector

version marker segments, JPEG, Other extensions

vertical replication packet, For Further Information About JPEG

VGA color palette, Examples of palettes

VGA display adapter and PCX, Overview

VICAR2 (Video Image Communication and Retrieval), Overview, Overview

video

digital, Digital Video
full-motion, full-motion video
information, Multimedia File Formats

Video Compressor method, Overview

video display processor (VDP) and DVI, Overview

video file formats

FLI, Overview
GRASP, Overview
Intel DVI, Overview
Microsoft RIFF, Overview

VIFF (Khoros Visualization/Image File Format), Overview

virtual device, x and y Origins

virtual output, virtual output, Graphics and Computer Graphics

Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML), Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) Formats

viruses in graphics files, Viruses in Graphics Files

VIS-5D, Overview

VisiCalc spreadsheet program

and Lotus DIF, Overview

Vivid and Bob, Overview

.VOC file format, Audio

voxels, voxel, Overview

VRML (Virtual Reality Modeling Language), Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) Formats

W

Wavefront OBJ, Overview

Wavefront RLA image, Overview

WordPerfect Graphics Metafile (WPG), Overview, Metafile Formats, For Further Information About JPEG

work for hire, copyright and, Explicit versus implicit copyrights

Working Group on Astronomical Software (WGAS), For Further Information

World Meteorological Organization (WMO), Overview

World Wide Web (WWW), The World Wide Web (WWW), Web sites

browser helper applications, Web Browser Helper Applications
browsers, using CD-ROM with, Which Browsers Can I Use?
general graphics resources, The World Wide Web (WWW)

writing

file format specifications, Writing a File Format Specification
file formats, Designing Your Own Format
graphics files, Writing Graphics Data

writing graphics files, Hints for Designing File Readers and Writers

writing, suggestions for, Patents

WWW (World Wide Web), Web sites

X

x origin of image, x and y Origins

XBM, Overview, Problems with the display environment

and VIFF, Overview

.XLS, Sources of Vector Format Files

XPM (X PixMap), Overview

XWD (X Window Dump), Overview

Y

y origin of image, x and y Origins

YAODL (Yet Another Object Description Language), Overview

YCbCr color model

and digital video, Digital Video
and JPEG, Progressive image buildup

Yellow Book, Multimedia File Formats

YIQ, YIQ

and digital video, Digital Video

YUV (Y-signal, U-signal, and V-signal) color model, YUV (Y-signal, U-signal, and V-signal)

and digital video, Digital Video
and JPEG, Progressive image buildup

YUV (Y-signal, U-signal, V-signal), YUV

Z

ZBR, Overview

zoo program, Digital Audio, Hints for Designing File Readers and Writers, Lempel-Ziv-Welch (LZW) Compression, For Further Information About Data Compression

and GIF files, Image data